A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Higher Education Institutions in the Context of NEP 2020

Abstract

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced transformative reforms in Indian higher education with the objective of improving quality, accessibility, equity, multidisciplinary learning, skill development, and digital integration. However, the implementation of these reforms varies significantly between rural and urban higher education institutions due to disparities in infrastructure, technological resources, faculty preparedness, and socio-economic conditions. The present study comparatively examines the implementation status, opportunities, and challenges of NEP 2020 in rural and urban higher education institutions in Maharashtra. The study adopted a descriptive survey method involving 200 respondents comprising principals, teachers, and students from selected colleges. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through percentage analysis, mean scores, and graphical representation. The findings reveal that urban institutions demonstrate higher preparedness in digital learning, multidisciplinary curriculum implementation, and skill-based education, whereas rural institutions face challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, shortage of trained faculty, and poor internet connectivity. Nevertheless, rural institutions show strong community participation and inclusive educational approaches. The study concludes that balanced policy support, infrastructure development, and faculty training are essential for equitable implementation of NEP 2020.